![]() ![]() Complex interactions and kinematics of the head, neck and jaw cause strains within the brain tissue, resulting in structural, anatomical damage that is characteristic of the inciting insult. If the stresses are not sufficiently absorbed or redirected, they will lead to damage of extracranial soft tissue and the skull. More specifically, TBI results when sufficient external force is applied to the head and is subsequently converted into stresses that must be absorbed or redirected by protective equipment. Most generally, TBI is a condition in which physical loads exceed the capacity of brain tissues to absorb without injury. TBI can occur in both civilians and warfighters, with head injuries occurring in both combat and non-combat situations from a variety of threats, including ballistic penetration, acceleration, blunt impact, and blast. The incidence of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in the US has reached epidemic proportions with well over 2 million new cases reported each year. 6Department of Neurology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.5Rocky Mountain Division, Applied Research Associates, Inc., Littleton, CO, USA.4Silicon Valley Office, Applied Research Associates, Inc., Los Altos, CA, USA.3Security Engineering and Applied Sciences Sector, Applied Research Associates, Inc., San Antonio, TX, USA.2Center for Brain Health, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.1Security Engineering and Applied Sciences Sector, Applied Research Associates, Inc., Dallas, TX, USA. ![]()
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